Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the sample

Female (dummy)

0.33

0.47

0.33

0.47

0.40

0.49

0.25

0.43

0.46

0.50

Age

40.51

7.28

40.10

7.25

40.67

7.57

40.34

6.98

44.38

10.19

Gross yearly wage in CHF

90,741

31,146

90,836

25,546

91,825

35,028

89,611

26,552

82,538

29,537

Education (share)

Upper secondary education

0.08

0.27

0.08

0.27

0.09

0.28

0.07

0.26

0.63

0.48

ISCED 5b

0.57

0.50

0.54

0.50

0.62

0.49

0.51

0.50

0.12

0.32

ISCED 5a + 6

0.35

0.48

0.38

0.49

0.30

0.46

0.41

0.49

0.26

0.44

Agriculture, forestry and livestock breeding

0.03

0.16

0.02

0.15

0.03

0.16

0.03

0.16

0.02

0.15

Industry and manufacturing

0.28

0.45

0.28

0.45

0.23

0.42

0.33

0.47

0.12

0.32

Engineering and informatics

0.17

0.38

0.17

0.37

0.16

0.36

0.19

0.39

0.12

0.32

Construction sector and mining

0.08

0.27

0.07

0.26

0.10

0.30

0.05

0.22

0.06

0.23

Trade and transport

0.05

0.21

0.05

0.21

0.03

0.17

0.06

0.24

0.15

0.36

Hospitality industry and service sector

0.09

0.29

0.08

0.27

0.12

0.33

0.06

0.23

0.07

0.26

Management, administration, banking, insurance and law

0.08

0.27

0.09

0.28

0.06

0.24

0.10

0.31

0.22

0.41

Health services, culture, science

0.23

0.42

0.25

0.43

0.28

0.45

0.18

0.38

0.25

0.43

Children (yes/no, dummy)

0.63

0.48

0.64

0.48

0.59

0.49

0.66

0.47

0.59

0.49

Leadership position (yes/no, dummy)

0.66

0.47

0.65

0.48

0.72

0.45

0.60

0.49

0.39

0.49

Tenure

10.15

6.88

9.60

6.58

10.65

7.14

9.62

6.56

7.39

7.14

Self-employed (yes/no, dummy)

0.15

0.36

0.19

0.39

0.12

0.32

0.11

0.32

Sideline teacher (yes/no, dummy)

0.51

0.50

0.49

0.50

1.00

0.00

Observations

390

330

199

191

36′251