From: Apprenticeship non-completion in Germany: a money matter?
 | Without controls | Additional establishment and apprentice level controls | Additional labour market level controls | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | SE | HR | SE | HR | SE | |
\(W/W^{(l)}\) | 0.019\(***\) | (0.001) | 0.022\(***\) | (0.002) | 0.023\(***\) | (0.002) |
\(ln \text { }W^{(m)}\) | 0.538\(***\) | (0.017) | 0.441\(***\) | (0.027) | 0.456\(***\) | (0.028) |
Time | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(ref: (547–1000] days) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   (0–60] | 1.372\(***\) | (0.036) | 1.088\(**\) | (0.029) | 0.985 | (0.027) |
   (60–121] | 2.094\(***\) | (0.049) | 1.691\(***\) | (0.040) | 1.536\(***\) | (0.038) |
   (121–212] | 1.616\(***\) | (0.038) | 1.382\(***\) | (0.033) | 1.296\(***\) | (0.031) |
   (212–425] | 1.112\(***\) | (0.023) | 0.984 | (0.029) | 0.933\(**\) | (0.020) |
   (425–547] | 1.107\(***\) | (0.029) | 1.020 | (0.027) | 0.983 | (0.026) |
Female | Â | Â | 0.944\(**\) | (0.021) | 0.864\(***\) | (0.023) |
High school diploma | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(ref: lowest track) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   None |  |  | 0.908\(***\) | (0.023) | 0.907\(***\) | (0.027) |
   Intermediate track |  |  | 0.734\(***\) | (0.013) | 0.733\(***\) | (0.013) |
   Academic track |  |  | 0.596\(***\) | (0.016) | 0.590\(***\) | (0.016) |
Start. age | Â | Â | 1.986\(***\) | (0.113) | 2.023\(***\) | (0.116) |
Start. age sqr. | Â | Â | 0.985\(***\) | (0.001) | 0.984\(***\) | (0.001) |
Start. year | Â | Â | 1.134\(***\) | (0.003) | 1.187\(***\) | (0.005) |
Foreign | Â | Â | 1.098\(**\) | (0.031) | 1.106\(***\) | (0.031) |
Est. size | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(ref: 1–49 employees) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
   50–249 |  |  | 0.846\(***\) | (0.018) | 0.859\(***\) | (0.005) |
   250+ |  |  | 0.787\(***\) | (0.023) | 0.798\(***\) | (0.023) |
Est. age | Â | Â | 0.991\(***\) | (0.001) | 0.991\(***\) | (0.001) |
East Germany | Â | Â | 0.831\(***\) | (0.021) | 0.975 | (0.030) |
Industry | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
(ref: Retail/wholesale/gastronomy) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Farming/fishing/forestry |  |  | 1.046 | (0.080) | 1.039 | (0.079) |
   Earths/food/textiles |  |  | 0.724\(***\) | (0.028) | 0.719\(***\) | (0.028) |
   Chemical/oil/metal |  |  | 0.586\(***\) | (0.023) | 0.581\(***\) | (0.023) |
   Electronics/vehicles/misc. prod. |  |  | 0.627\(***\) | (0.031) | 0.617\(***\) | (0.030) |
   Construction/water, energy supply |  |  | 0.817\(***\) | (0.032) | 0.815\(***\) | (0.032) |
   Logistics/Postal/Banking |  |  | 0.964 | (0.043) | 0.961 | (0.043) |
   Public/private services |  |  | 0.848\(***\) | (0.029) | 0.843\(***\) | (0.028) |
   Health/education |  |  | 1.260\(***\) | (0.036) | 1.309\(***\) | (0.038) |
   NGOs/culture/sports |  |  | 1.218\(***\) | (0.043) | 1.229\(***\) | (0.044) |
SDR | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.728 | (0.123) |
MES | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.286\(***\) | (0.058) |
\(u^{(l)}/u^{(m)}\) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.770\(***\) | (0.013) |
\(u^{(h)}/u^{(m)}\) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 1.438\(***\) | (0.087) |
Constant | 0.012\(***\) | (0.002) | 0.000\(***\) | (0.000) | 0.000\(***\) | (0.000) |
\(\theta\) | 0.216 | 0.125 | 0.115 | |||
LR-test of \(\theta\) | 3,610 | 1,912 | 1,509 | |||
Log pseudolikelihood | − 174,247 | − 171,639 | − 171,485 | |||
Wald test | 5,534 | 10,542 | 10,821 | |||
AIC | 348,513 | 343,338 | 343,038 |