Table 1 Quality appraisal results
Studies | Reliability items | Usefulness items | Reliability rating | Usefulness rating | Overall quality | Decision | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1: Were steps taken to strengthen rigor in the sampling? | Q2: Were steps taken to strengthen rigor in the data collected? | Q3: Were steps taken to strengthen the rigor of the analysis of data? | Q4: Were the findings of the study grounded in/supported by the data? | Q5: Rate the findings of the study in terms of their breadth and depth | Q6: Privileges participants’ perspectives/experiences? | Q7: Consider Q1-4 | Q8: Consider Q5-6 | Consider Q7 and Q8 | ||
1. Adhikari (2018) | Met | Met | Met | Met | High | Met | High | High | High | Inclusion |
2. Alcid (2014) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
3. Apunda et al. (2017) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
4. Bhurtel (2016) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
5. Botea et al. (2015) | Met | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Met | High | Medium | High | Inclusion |
6. da Luz et al. (2012) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
7. Darkwah (2013) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
8. DeJaeghere (2018) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | High | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
9. DeJaeghere et al. 2019 | Met | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Unmet | High | Medium | High | Inclusion |
10. Donkor (2012) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
11. Hamilton et al. (2013) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Low | Met | Medium | Low | Low | Exclusion |
12. Jacobs and Collair (2017) | Met | Met | Met | Met | High | Unmet | High | Medium | High | Inclusion |
13. Koo (2016) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | High | Met | Medium | High | High | Inclusion |
14. Korzh (2013) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
15. Latopa and Rashid (2015) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
16. Lefebvre et al. (2018) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | High | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
17. Ling (2015) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | High | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
18. Makanya et al. (2014) | Met | Met | Met | Unmet | Low | Unmet | Medium | Low | Low | Exclusion |
19. Management Systems International and A Tetra Tech Company (2017) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
20. Masinire (2015) | Met | Met | Unmet | Unmet | Low | Unmet | Medium | Low | Low | Exclusion |
21. Matsumoto (2018) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
22. Murtaza et al. (2018) | Met | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Unmet | High | Medium | High | Inclusion |
23. Nagamuthu et al. (2019) | Met | Met | Met | Unmet | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
24. Neroorkar and Gopinath (2019) | Met | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Met | High | Medium | High | Inclusion |
25. Powell (2012) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
26. Sedighi et al. (2015) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
27. Spaaij (2012) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | High | Met | Medium | High | High | Inclusion |
28. Usman (2009) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | High | Met | Medium | High | High | Inclusion |
29. Van der Bijl and Lawrence (2019) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
30. Veazey (2014) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | High | Met | Medium | High | High | Inclusion |
31. Vong et al. (2017) | Unmet | Met | Met | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
32. Walker (2007) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
33. Walker (2009) | Met | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Met | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |
34. Woronov (2011) | Unmet | Met | Unmet | Met | Medium | Unmet | Medium | Medium | Medium | Inclusion |