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Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 2 Educational situation directly after leaving compulsory education [multinomial logistic regression, average marginal effects (AMEs)]

From: VET or general education? Effects of regional opportunity structures on educational attainment in German-speaking Switzerland

 

Model 1

Model 2

VET EFZ/FVB

Baccal. and special. schools

Bridge year courses

VET EFZ/ FVB

Baccal. and special. schools

Bridge year courses

Regional opportunity structure

−0.0430***

(0.0098)

0.0248***

(0.0072)

0.0181*

(0.0075)

−0.0305***

(0.0091)

0.0146*

(0.0063)

0.0159*

(0.0075)

Gender (Ref.: male)

−0.1889***

(0.0204)

0.0595***

(0.0153)

0.1284***

(0.0159)

−0.1409***

(0.0189)

0.0171

(0.0132)

0.1238***

(0.0157)

GPA German (z-standard.)

−0.0452***

(0.0121)

0.0712***

(0.0103)

−0.0260**

(0.0092)

−0.0218

(0.0111)

0.0419***

(0.0089)

−0.0201*

(0.0091)

GPA mathematics (z-standard.)

0.0189

(0.0119)

0.0324***

(0.0097)

−0.0513***

(0.0089)

0.0347**

(0.0106)

0.0125

(0.0081)

−0.0473***

(0.0088)

School type 8th gradea

 Advanced requirements

−0.0459*

(0.0204)

0.1809***

(0.0126)

−0.1349***

(0.0178)

−0.0235

(0.0213)

0.1402***

(0.0157)

−0.1167***

(0.0185)

 Pre-gymnasium

−0.4812***

(0.0244)

0.6496***

(0.0235)

−0.1685***

(0.0115)

−0.3481***

 

0.5040***

(0.0407)

−0.1559***

(0.0145)

Social backgroundb,c

(0.0401)

 EGP-class II

0.0424

(0.0334)

−0.0107

(0.0238)

−0.0318

(0.0274)

0.0358

(0.0307)

0.0020

(0.0197)

−0.0378

(0.0270)

 EGP-classes IIIa/b, IVa/b/c

0.0584

(0.0308)

−0.0191

(0.0224)

−0.0394

(0.0253)

0.0381

(0.0288)

0.0042

(0.0196)

−0.0423

(0.0253)

 EGP-classes V, VI, VIIa/b

0.1176***

(0.0335)

−0.0671**

(0.0249)

−0.0505

(0.0266)

0.0921**

(0.0313)

−0.0460*

(0.0217)

−0.0461

(0.0267)

 Tertiary degree (ISCED 5/6)

−0.0698*

(0.0274)

0.1065***

(0.0205)

−0.0367

(0.0216)

0.0002

(0.0254)

0.0421*

(0.0176)

−0.0423*

(0.0210)

Realistic educational aspiration (mid 8th grade)d

 Baccalaureate/special. schools

      

−0.4019***

(0.0289)

0.3674***

(0.0242)

0.0345

(0.0239)

 Other

      

−0.1927***

(0.0281)

0.0478*

(0.0223)

0.1449***

(0.0234)

Observations/pseudo-\(R^{2}\)

2192/0.230

2192/0.341

  1. Remarks: Discrete change effects for binary independent variables, robust standard errors in parentheses
  2. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***  p < 0.001
  3. Reference categories: a Basic requirements; b EGP-class I; c ISCED level: no tertiary degree; d Vocational education and training
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