Table 4 Influences on the transition into company-based and school-based vocational education and training within 38 months following completion of school career with corresponding search for training—results of Cox regression (hazard ratios e^β)

Gender, social background and migration status

Gender (ref.: male)

 Female

0.65***

0.72***

4.62***

2.10***

School-based and vocational education and training of parents (Ref.: maximum intermediate school leaving certificate, without vocational qualification)

 Maximum lower secondary school leaving certificate, with vocational qualification

1.79**

1.33⁺

1.56

1.32

 Intermediate school leaving certificate, with vocational qualification

1.74*

1.26

1.51

1.28

 University (of Applied Sciences) entry qualification with or without vocational qualification

1.75*

1.53*

3.13⁺

1.14

 University (of Applied Sciences) entry qualification

1.61⁺

1.29

0.85

1.85

 Missing information

1.34

1.57⁺

3.68⁺

0.00

Social status of the father (EGP classification) (Ref.: Higher-grade professionals, managers in large companies (I))

  Lower-grade professionals, managers in small companies (II)

0.88

1.20

0.39

1.77

 Routine non-manual employees (III a/b)

1.05

0.95

0.22

1.20

 Self employed (IV a/b/c)

0.98

0.98

0.42

1.41

 Technicians, skilled workers (V, VI)

0.77

0.99

0.33

1.51

 Unskilled and semi skilled workers (VII a/b)

0.74

1.09

0.30

1.22

 Never employed, missing information

0.83

0.91

0.17*

1.22

Migration background (Ref.: without migration background)

 With migration background

0.78*

0.81*

0.72

0.47**

School grades and type of school most recently attended

Average grade on leaving general schooling (Ref.: 3.1–6.0)

 2.6–3.0

1.37*

1.36*

1.05

1.45

 2.1–2.5

1.30⁺

1.62***

1.23

1.25

 1.0–2.0

2.10***

1.78***

1.28

1.24

 Missing information

0.52⁺

1.57

0.41

2.04

Type of school most recently attended (Ref.: general schooling)

 Vocational school

1.51

0.71*

0.00

1.06

Framework conditions of search for education and training

Search also for school-based education and training^a

0.76*

0.61***

Search also for company-based education and training^a

0.90

0.97

Number of company-based and dual training positions for every 10 potential trainees in the Federal State^b

1.34***

1.10*

Proportion of starters in school-based education and training aged 15–17 in the resident population as a  %^b

0.99

1.07*

Interactions with time ^c

Search also for company-based education and training* time

1.69**

Overall model

χ²(20) = 117.52

p = 0.000

χ²(20) = 118.95

p = 0.000

χ²(20) = 35.65

p = 0.017

χ²(21) = 70.76

p = 0.000

Sample size

n = 688 (censored: 279)

n = 1163 (censored: 328)

n = 271 (censored: 217)

n = 482 (censored: 322)