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Table 2 Growth curve models in which empowering ILT is predicted by time in Swedish VET

From: Supervisors and teachers’ influence on expectations on empowering leadership among students in vocational education and training

 

Empty model

Model 1

Model 2

Par.

S.E.

Par.

S.E.

Par.

S.E.

Fixed effects

 Intercept

5.091**

0.025

5.031**

0.035

5.037**

0.035

 Time

  

0.063**

0.026

0.065**

0.027

Random effects

 Residuals

0.271

0.024

0.263

0.023

0.198

0.028

 Intercept

0.202

0.030

0.209

0.030

0.284

0.050

 Time

    

0.130

0.041

 Intercept*time

    

−0.117

0.042

Model specifics

 Estimation method

ML

ML/REML

REML

 Log likelihood

1891.3

1885.4/1896.5

1886.5

 AIC

1897.3

1893.4/1900.5

1894.5

 Diff log likelihood (diff df)

 

5.9* (1)

10.0** (2)

  1. n = 643. Wald tests for fixed effects and χ2-tests of diff log likelihood for random effects
  2. * p < 0.05
  3. ** p < 0.01