Vocational qualification as safety-net? Education-to-work transitions of higher education dropouts in Germany

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 2 Results of Cox proportional hazards regression models for the transition into the first stable job

	Model 1a		Model 1b
	Hazard ratios	t	Hazard ratios	t
Educational attainment
Only pre-tertiary vocational training	Ref.	Ref.	6.96^***	18.28
Higher education dropout + pre-tertiary vocational training	0.66^***	−3.78	4.59^***	10.70
Higher education dropout without pre-tertiary vocational training	0.14^***	−18.28	Ref.	Ref.
Higher education degree	0.68^***	−8.85	4.74^***	15.39
At least one parent higher education (yes = 1)	0.90^**	−3.07	0.90^**	−3.07
Age at de-registration	1.01	1.17	1.01	1.17
Sex (male = 1)	1.13^***	3.85	1.13^***	3.85
Upper secondary final GPA	0.98	−0.54	0.98	−0.54
Work experience	0.44^***	−19.67	0.44^***	−19.67
Education-leaving cohort
1964–1984	1.12^*	2.28	1.12^*	2.28
1985–1994	1.28^***	5.23	1.28^***	5.23
1995–2004	1.24^***	4.39	1.24^***	4.39
2005–2014	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
N	5387		5387