Psychological determinants of test motivation in low-stakes test situations: A longitudinal study of singletrait–multistate models in accounting

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 5 Model fit and parameter estimates of the multivariate intercept/trait-only “growth” models

Model fit	χ²	df	χ²/df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	R²
Model 1: VALUE	534.08	225	2.37	0.907	0.896	0.041	0.075	0.35
Model 2: EFFOR	506.33	225	2.25	0.916	0.906	0.040	0.074	0.25

Italic values indicate p value < 0.05
Underlined values indicate p value < 0.10
β_{_t}, association between traits. Dependent variables: VALUE, Subjective test value; EFFOR, Effort. Independent variables: INTRI, Intrinsic regulation; IDENT, Identified regulation; INTRO, Introjected regulation; EXTRI, External regulation; ACMOT, Achievement motivation; ASELF, Academic self-concept; GRITG, Passion for long-term goals; GRITP, Perseverance. χ², Chi square value; df, degrees of freedom; CFI, Comparative Fit Index; TLI, Tucker Lewis Index; RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation; SRMR, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual. NA, not applicable as the covariate was not measured at that time