Table 3 Effects of further training on the stability of employees’ career (exponential model)

Models

1

2

3

Gender (Ref.: female)

Male

0.238

0.039

0.009

(0.063)***

(0.038)

(0.056)

Qualification

General education and VET

− 0.024

0.061

0.049

(0.008)**

(0.005)***

(0.007)***

Job characteristic

Qualification requirement

− 0.232

− 0.084

− 0.479

(0.081)**

(0.055)

(0.078)***

Position in firm (upper service class)

Labour class

− 0.190

0.171

0.139

(0.128)

(0.078)*

(0.111)

Lower middle class

− 0.114

− 0.161

0.067

(0.120)

(0.075)*

(0.109)

Middle class

− 0.153

0.194

− 0.078

(0.104)

(0.058)***

(0.081)

Employment

Permanent labour contract

− 0.025

0.267

− 2.058

(0.093)

(0.055)***

(0.055)***

Labour market

Firm size

− 0.207

− 0.103

− 0.052

(0.012)***

(0.007)***

(0.011)***

Public sector vs. private sector

− 1.773

− 0.607

0.095

(0.144)***

(0.051)***

(0.064)

Effects of further training

Participation

− 1.123

− 0.840

− 1.283

(0.134)***

(0.067)***

(0.120)***

Training leave

− 0.560

− 0.481

− 0.493

(0.088)***

(0.054)***

(0.080)***

Financial support

− 0.463

− 0.209

− 0.159

(0.093)***

(0.055)***

(0.084)^†

Time dimensions

Life cycle: labour force experience

− 0.006

− 0.012

− 0.011

(0.000)***

(0.000)***

(0.000)***

Cohort: economic modernisation

− 0.001

− 0.549

− 0.334

(0.081)

(0.048)***

(0.070)***

Cohort: labour market situation

− 0.035

0.166

0.014

(0.046)

(0.028)***

(0.045)

Period: economic modernisation

0.663

0.148

− 2.079

(0.674)

(0.310)

(0.576)***

Period: labour market situation

− 0.366

0.245

0.510

(0.239)

(0.108)*

(0.196)**

Intercept

− 3.750

− 3.431

− 2.741

(0.198)***

(0.118)***

(0.164)***

LR χ² (df)

1499.4 (17)

5851.0 (17)

4210.3 (17)

Number of sub episodes

84,657

72,979

83,857

Number of events

1681

5810

2275

Number of individuals

15,511

15,511

15,511