Why companies prefer applicants from non-immigrant families: investigating access to vocational training among low-qualified adolescents with an interlinked firm-applicant survey

Söhn, Janina

doi:10.1186/s40461-020-00090-z

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 2 Estimating the probability of successful and unsuccessful applications: multinomial logistic regressions; average marginal effects for bivariate and full models.

From: Why companies prefer applicants from non-immigrant families: investigating access to vocational training among low-qualified adolescents with an interlinked firm-applicant survey

	Bivariate models with gross AME with only one predictor variable each			Full model 1 with net AME			Full model 2 with net AME
				Firm’s selection criterion: “Ability of verbal expression” * Applicant’s ethnic background			Firm’s selection criterion: “Apprentice has to fit into the team” * Applicant’s ethnic background
	1	2	3	1	2	3	1	2	3
	Successful at interviewed company	Successful at other company	Unsuccessful school-to-VET transition	Successful at interviewed company	Successful at other company	Unsuccessful school-to-VET transition	Successful at interviewed company	Successful at other company	Unsuccessful school-to-VET transition
Selection criteria: “ability of verbal expression” * Applicant’s ethnic background (ref. applicants of native parentage. independent of firm’s opinion on criterion)
Firm: criterion less important * At least one parent foreign-born/missing	− 0.12*	− 0.01	0.13**	− 0.12**	− 0.07	0.18***
Firm: criterion very important * At least one parent foreign-born/missing	− 0.06	0.11	− 0.05	− 0.05	0.08	− 0.03
Selection criteria: “The apprentice has to fit into the team.” * Applicant’s ethnic background (ref. applicants of native parentage. independent of firm’s opinion on criterion)
Firm: criterion less important * At least one parent foreign-born/missing	− 0.02	− 0.12⁺	0.14*				− 0.03	− 0.15*	0.18**
Firm: criterion very important * At least one parent foreign-born/missing	− 0.13**	0.08	0.05				− 0.12**	0.05	0.08
Preparatory vocational training (ref. none)
At least one program	− 0.06⁺	− 0.30***	0.33***	− 0.06⁺	− 0.30***	0.36***	− 0.06*	− 0.30***	0.36***
Recruiting with online job-database (ref. no)
Yes	− 0.13**	0.08	0.05	− 0.12**	0.09*	0.03	− 0.12**	0.09*	0.03
Selection criterion: social recommendation very important (ref. less important)	0.29***	1.94***	− 0.28***	0.26**	0.02	− 0.28***	0.26**	0.02	− 0.28***
Parental employment status *School-leaving diploma (ref. all graduates with medium-level school diploma)
At least one parent full-time employed * Max. low-level school diploma	0.04	− 0.04	0.00	0.04	− 0.06	0.02	0.04	− 0.06	0.02
No parent full-time employed * Max. low-level school diploma	− 0.05	− 0.16*	0.20***	− 0.03	− 0.10⁺	0.14**	− 0.02	− 0.11⁺	0.14**
Missing	0.06	− 0.11⁺	0.05	0.04	− 0.10⁺	0.04	0.06	− 0.10⁺	0.04
Pseudo-R²				0.14			0.14

N = 596 company-applicant dyads; robust standard errors consider nested data structure; levels of statistical significance: ⁺p < 0.10, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

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