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Table 1 Yearly changes in the ifo Business Climate Index (BCI) and the ifo Employment Barometer (EB; 2005–2020)

From: The effect of business cycle expectations on the German apprenticeship market: estimating the impact of Covid-19

Year

\({\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q1}\)

\({\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q2}\)

\({\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q1+Q2}\)

\(\Delta {\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q1}\)

\(\Delta {\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q2}\)

\(\Delta {\stackrel{-}{BCI}}_{Q1+Q2}\)

\({\stackrel{-}{EB}}_{Q2}\)

\(\Delta {\stackrel{-}{EB}}_{Q2}\)

2005

91.3

89.5

90.4

n/a

n/a

n/a

92.0

n/a

2006

97.4

98.6

98.0

6.1

9.1

7.6

98.2

6.2

2007

100.5

100.7

100.6

3.1

2.1

2.6

100.0

1.8

2008

97.8

96.4

97.1

− 2.7

− 4.3

− 3.5

98.6

− 1.4

2009

80.8

82.4

81.6

− 17.0

− 14.0

− 15.5

88.7

− 9.9

2010

90.9

95.5

93.2

10.1

13.0

11.6

96.7

8.1

2011

101.9

102.1

102.0

11.0

6.7

8.8

102.3

5.6

2012

98.8

98.4

98.6

− 3.1

− 3.8

− 3.4

99.8

− 2.5

2013

97.2

96.4

96.8

− 1.7

− 2.0

− 1.8

97.8

− 1.9

2014

101.1

100.6

100.8

3.9

4.2

4.0

99.7

1.9

2015

98.8

100.1

99.5

− 2.3

− 0.4

− 1.4

100.0

0.2

2016

99.1

99.9

99.5

0.3

− 0.3

0.0

100.1

0.1

2017

101.4

103.0

102.2

2.3

3.1

2.7

102.8

2.7

2018

104.2

102.7

103.5

2.9

− 0.3

1.3

104.0

1.2

2019

99.4

98.7

99.1

− 4.9

− 4.0

− 4.4

100.6

− 3.4

2020

92.6

80.1

86.3

-6.8

− 18.6

− 12.7

89.0

− 11.7

  1. Source: ifo Business Climate Index (ifo Geschäftsklimaindex, https://www.ifo.de/en/survey/ifo-business-climate-index) and ifo Employment Barometer (ifo Beschäftigungsbarometer, https://www.ifo.de/en/survey/ifo-employment-barometer)