| Full sample, mean, (n = 2034) | Sample in analysis, mean, (n = 1240) | Mean difference |
---|---|---|---|
Outcomes | Â | Â | Â |
 Product innovation | 0.441 | 0.431 | 0.010 |
 Process innovation | 0.310 | 0.316 | − 0.006 |
 Patent applications | 0.160 | 0.122 | 0.038*** |
 Sales of improved products (in % of…) | 6.501 | 6.670 | − 0.169 |
 Sales of new products (in % of…) | 5.715 | 5.587 | 0.128 |
Explanatory variables | Â | Â | Â |
 Training firm | 0.710 | 0.710 | 0.001 |
 Innovation in the firm’s business processes | 0.344 | 0.343 | 0.001 |
 Innovation in the firm’s organization of work | 0.345 | 0.335 | 0.011 |
 Innovation in the firm’s external relations | 0.227 | 0.220 | 0.007 |
Controls | Â | Â | Â |
 Firm size | 224.534 | 208.407 | 16.127 |
Workforce educational background (in %) | Â | Â | |
 Employees with university degree | 7.824 | 7.963 | − 0.139 |
 Employees with PET degree | 17.686 | 18.127 | − 0.441 |
 Employees. with VET degree | 51.498 | 51.141 | 0.357 |
 Employees. with other degree | 23.341 | 23.158 | 0.183 |
Competition intensity (in %) | Â | Â | Â |
 Up to 5 competitors | 0.270 | 0.288 | − 0.018 |
 6–10 competitors | 0.285 | 0.301 | − 0.016 |
 11–15 competitors | 0.105 | 0.105 | 0.000 |
 16–50 competitors | 0.125 | 0.143 | − 0.018 |
 More than 50 competitors | 0.146 | 0.151 | − 0.005 |
Price and non-price competition | Â | Â | Â |
 Price competition | 3.922 | 3.969 | − 0.047 |
 Non-price competition | 3.031 | 3.018 | 0.013 |
 Export |  |  |  |
 Export orientation | 0.498 | 0.518 | − 0.020 |
Demand | Â | Â | Â |
 Past demand | 2.924 | 2.929 | − 0.005 |
 Expected demand | 3.028 | 3.031 | − 0.003 |
Technological potential | Â | Â | Â |
 Technological potential of industry | 2.672 | 2.677 | − 0.005 |
Sectors (in %) | Â | Â | Â |
 Manufacturing | 0.479 | 0.497 | − 0.018 |
 Construction | 0.082 | 0.092 | − 0.010 |
 Services | 0.440 | 0.411 | 0.028 |
Regions (in %) | Â | Â | Â |
 Lake Geneva region | 0.119 | 0.110 | 0.008 |
 Espace Mittelland | 0.210 | 0.215 | − 0.004 |
 Northwestern Switzerland | 0.125 | 0.131 | − 0.005 |
 Zurich | 0.200 | 0.195 | 0.004 |
 Eastern Switzerland | 0.184 | 0.193 | − 0.008 |
 Central Switzerland | 0.096 | 0.097 | − 0.000 |
 Ticino | 0.065 | 0.060 | 0.005 |