Teachers’ experienced classroom demands and autonomic stress reactions: results of a pilot study and implications for process-oriented research in vocational education and training

Kärner, Tobias; Höning, Jana

doi:10.1186/s40461-021-00113-3

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 4 Descriptive data and correlations (Study B)

From: Teachers’ experienced classroom demands and autonomic stress reactions: results of a pilot study and implications for process-oriented research in vocational education and training

Variables		T	M (± SD)	Min./Max.	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Teachers’ experienced classroom demands
1	Time and work pressure ^a	66	1.75 (± 0.55)	1/3.33
2	Vocal strain	66	1.83 (± 0.54)	1/3	0.477***
3	Uncertainty concerning subject matter	66	1.47 (± 0.50)	1/2	0.071	0.230
4	Uncertainty concerning didactical decisions	66	2.58 (± 0.75)	1/4	0.290*	0.376**	0.305*
5	Achievement-related diversity in class	66	2.42 (± 0.50)	2/3	0.225	0.320**	–0.009	0.181
6	Lack of social appreciation	66	1.23 (± 0.42)	1/2	0.211	0.037	–0.148	–0.029	0.339**
7	Disquietude in class	66	1.52 (± 0.56)	1/3	0.373**	0.310*	0.116	0.361**	0.323**	0.208
8	Classroom disturbances	66	1.27 (± 0.48)	1/3	0.264*	0.293*	–0.007	0.274*	0.340**	0.169	0.497***
9	Behavioural problems of students	66	1.24 (± 0.47)	1/3	0.197	–0.018	–0.011	–0.105	0.271*	0.320**	0.178	0.120
10	Insufficient skills of students	66	1.80 (± 0.47)	1/3	–0.002	–0.002	0.087	–0.105	0.047	0.004	0.045	0.188	0.243*
11	Insufficient motivation of students	66	1.76 (± 0.50)	1/3	0.339**	0.142	0.096	0.096	0.257	0.190	0.259*	0.237	0.209	0.355**
Stress measures
12	State of experience from “relaxed” to “stressed”	66	1.42 (± 0.53)	1/3	0.328**	0.094	0.007	0.234	0.231	0.302*	0.388**	0.238	0.384**	0.238	0.418***
13	Heart rate	66	85.75 (± 7.97)	71.49/105.21	–0.043	–0.133	–0.227	–0.206	0.077	–0.018	–0.151	–0.215	0.141	0.134	–0.077	0.115
14	RMSSD	64	48.19 (± 12.92)	26.82/79.94	–0.113	0.093	0.214	0.153	–0.131	0.006	0.047	0.108	0.068	–0.042	–0.062	0.080	–0.392***
15	LF/HF ratio	62	2.04 (± 1.04)	0.65/5.63	–0.089	–0.189	–0.167	–0.020	0.091	0.039	0.082	–0.148	0.047	–0.101	0.003	0.182	0.281*	–0.529***

N = 1 with T observations; Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, ^*** p < 0.001, ^** p < 0.01, ^* p < 0.05; items 1 to 11 were rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = “I strongly disagree” to 5 = “I strongly agree”; ^a average scale (missing rest periods, time pressure, and pressure to get through the subject matter, see Sect. “Item development and selection”); item 12 was rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = “relaxed” to 5 = “stressed”

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