The value of apprentices in the care sector: the effect of apprenticeship costs on the mobility of graduates from apprenticeship training

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 4 Heterogeneous effects

	(1) West Germany	(2) Females	(3) (Lower) secondary school	(4) Inpatient facilities	(5) Small facilities	(6) Large facilities
Cox model: HR of \(\beta\)	\(1.540^{***}\)	\(1.660^{***}\)	\(1.666^{***}\)	\(1.489^{***}\)	\(2.290^{***}\)	\(1.356^{***}\)
Cox model: HR of \(\beta\)	(0.194)	(0.189)	(0.204)	(0.182)	(0.457)	(0.122)
Logit: AME of \(\beta\)	\(0.078^*\)	\(0.111^{***}\)	\(0.105^{***}\)	\(0.081^{**}\)	\(0.158^{***}\)	\(0.053^{***}\)
Logit: AME of \(\beta\)	(0.041)	(0.038)	(0.040)	(0.036)	(0.045)	(0.019)
\(R^2\)	0.108	0.117	0.110	0.120	0.158	0.115
Additional controls	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Observations	1403	1266	1556	1419	783	792
Individuals	578	526	653	580	345	309
Facility switches	391	362	443	392	238	211

Stars denote significance of hazard ratios (HR) or average marginal effect (AME): \(^*p<10\%\), \(^{**}p<5\%\), \(^{***}p<1\%\); standard errors clustered at the level of federal states are in parentheses. This table estimates the effect of the levy scheme on the probability of leaving the training facility (parameter \(\beta\)) according to Eq. (1). Each estimation controls for covariates summarized in Table 1. Estimates are performed by the Cox hazard model and by logit regressions. Estimations are stratified with respect to several chosen characteristics. In Model 1, we excluded graduates who reside in federal states of East Germany. In Model 2, the estimation exclusively considers female graduates and in Model 3, estimation is restricted to persons who graduated from lower secondary school or secondary school before the apprenticeship training. In Model 4, estimation purely considers graduates of inpatient care facilities and excludes graduates from ambulatory nursing services. Finally, Models 5 and 6 compare the treatment effect between small and large care facilities, while the median of the number of employees per facility (86.5) determines this categorization.
Source: Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies 1975-2017 (SIAB 7517v1); Regional Database of the Federal Statistical Office and the Federal Employment Agency