Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 5 Summary of the pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni–Holm-correction grouped by “Level of Interaction”

From: Learning Factories 4.0 in technical vocational schools: can they foster competence development?

			HD			CU			IL			DS
TP	LOI		Diff	p	R	Diff	p	r	Diff	p	r	Diff	p	r
0	No	Medium	− 0.906	0.141	0.251	− 0.647	0.004	0.455	− 0.593	0.077	0.335	− 0.815	0.000	0.5
0	No	High	− 1.135	0.133	0.324	− 0.175	0.66	0.073	− 0.314	0.291	Jan 83	− 0.512	0.048	0.319
0	Medium	High	− 0.229	0.714	0.059	0.472	0.002	0.469	0.279	0.291	0.165	0.303	0.064	0.288
1	No	Medium	− 0.454	0.08	0.262	− 0.298	0.167	0.208	− 0.808	0.006	0.448	− 0.571	0.007	0.421
1	No	High	− 0.228	0.437	0.127	0.138	0.359	0.149	− 0.787	0.006	0.460	− 0.825	0.002	0.553
1	Medium	High	0.227	0.341	0.149	0.435	0.022	0.355	0.020	0.618	0.079	− 0.253	0.11	0.248
2	No	Medium	− 0.683	0.019	0.350	− 1.127	0.000	0.635	− 0.810	0.002	0.518	− 0.772	0.000	0.630
2	No	High	− 0.757	0.017	0.385	− 0.553	0.109	0.259	− 0.710	0.007	0.459	− 0.965	0.000	0.750
2	Medium	High	− 0.074	0.481	0.111	0.574	0.028	0.342	0.100	0.532	0.098	− 0.193	0.286	0.167

			CL			PS			MDC			STC
TP	LOI		Diff	p	r	Diff	p	r	Diff	p	r	Diff	p	r
0	No	Medium	− 0.625	0.087	0.285	− 0.979	0.009	0.445	− 0.761	0.01	0.441	0.731	0.126	0.260
0	No	High	− 0.130	0.83	0.037	− 0.528	0.06	0.303	− 0.466	0.099	0.266	− 0.009	0.955	0.011
0	Medium	High	0.495	0.08	0.344	0.451	0.06	0.307	0.295	0.039	0.345	− 0.740	0.055	0.366
1	No	Medium	− 1.161	0.000	0.577	− 0.881	0.000	0.580	− 0.695	0.000	0.626	− 1.186	0.007	0.425
1	No	High	− 0.619	0.017	0.386	− 0.177	0.322	0.161	− 0.416	0.017	0.408	− 0.206	0.723	0.059
1	Medium	High	0.542	0.066	0.285	0.704	0.001	0.523	0.279	− 0.023	0.353	0.980	0.004	0.447
2	No	Medium	− 0.399	0.254	0.172	− 0.665	0.034	0.342	− 0.743	0.000	0.617	− 0.302	0.991	0.003
2	No	High	− 0.653	0.079	0.358	− 1.003	0.002	0.542	− 0.773	0.000	0.605	− 0.071	0.471	0.118
2	Medium	High	− 0.255	0.254	0.197	− 0.338	0.147	0.226	− 0.030	0.889	0.024	0.231	0.731	0.055

TP time point, LO level of interaction with a Learning Factory 4.0, Diff difference between LOI groups, p probability, r effect size Wilcoxon’s r, HD handling digital devices, CU content use, IL information literacy, DS digital security, CL collaboration, PS problem solving, MDC multidisciplinary digital competencies, STC subject-related technical competencies

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