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Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 5 Summary of the pairwise comparisons using Bonferroni–Holm-correction grouped by “Level of Interaction”

From: Learning Factories 4.0 in technical vocational schools: can they foster competence development?

  HD CU IL DS
TP LOI Diff p R Diff p r Diff p r Diff p r
0 No Medium − 0.906 0.141 0.251 − 0.647 0.004 0.455 − 0.593 0.077 0.335 − 0.815 0.000 0.5
0 No High − 1.135 0.133 0.324 − 0.175 0.66 0.073 − 0.314 0.291 Jan 83 − 0.512 0.048 0.319
0 Medium High − 0.229 0.714 0.059 0.472 0.002 0.469 0.279 0.291 0.165 0.303 0.064 0.288
1 No Medium − 0.454 0.08 0.262 − 0.298 0.167 0.208 − 0.808 0.006 0.448 − 0.571 0.007 0.421
1 No High − 0.228 0.437 0.127 0.138 0.359 0.149 − 0.787 0.006 0.460 − 0.825 0.002 0.553
1 Medium High 0.227 0.341 0.149 0.435 0.022 0.355 0.020 0.618 0.079 − 0.253 0.11 0.248
2 No Medium − 0.683 0.019 0.350 − 1.127 0.000 0.635 − 0.810 0.002 0.518 − 0.772 0.000 0.630
2 No High − 0.757 0.017 0.385 − 0.553 0.109 0.259 − 0.710 0.007 0.459 − 0.965 0.000 0.750
2 Medium High − 0.074 0.481 0.111 0.574 0.028 0.342 0.100 0.532 0.098 − 0.193 0.286 0.167
  CL PS MDC STC
TP LOI Diff p r Diff p r Diff p r Diff p r
0 No Medium − 0.625 0.087 0.285 − 0.979 0.009 0.445 − 0.761 0.01 0.441 0.731 0.126 0.260
0 No High − 0.130 0.83 0.037 − 0.528 0.06 0.303 − 0.466 0.099 0.266 − 0.009 0.955 0.011
0 Medium High 0.495 0.08 0.344 0.451 0.06 0.307 0.295 0.039 0.345 − 0.740 0.055 0.366
1 No Medium − 1.161 0.000 0.577 − 0.881 0.000 0.580 − 0.695 0.000 0.626 − 1.186 0.007 0.425
1 No High − 0.619 0.017 0.386 − 0.177 0.322 0.161 − 0.416 0.017 0.408 − 0.206 0.723 0.059
1 Medium High 0.542 0.066 0.285 0.704 0.001 0.523 0.279 − 0.023 0.353 0.980 0.004 0.447
2 No Medium − 0.399 0.254 0.172 − 0.665 0.034 0.342 − 0.743 0.000 0.617 − 0.302 0.991 0.003
2 No High − 0.653 0.079 0.358 − 1.003 0.002 0.542 − 0.773 0.000 0.605 − 0.071 0.471 0.118
2 Medium High − 0.255 0.254 0.197 − 0.338 0.147 0.226 − 0.030 0.889 0.024 0.231 0.731 0.055
  1. TP time point, LO level of interaction with a Learning Factory 4.0, Diff difference between LOI groups, p probability, r effect size Wilcoxon’s r, HD handling digital devices, CU content use, IL information literacy, DS digital security, CL collaboration, PS problem solving, MDC multidisciplinary digital competencies, STC subject-related technical competencies
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