Functional relevance of students’ prior knowledge and situational uncertainty during verbal interactions in vocational classrooms: evidence from a mixed-methods study

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 5 Moderated regression analysis of students’ contributions to classroom dialogue

Variable	Student raises hand or calls out			Student’s deep-reasoning question			Student’s elaborate answer
Variable	b	s.e._b	β	b	s.e._b	β	b	s.e._b	β
Step 1
Constant	5.59**	1.31		0.12^†	0.07		3.18**	0.51
AAD	2.10	1.36	0.23	0.11	0.07	0.22	1.58	0.53	0.41**
SU	−1.19	1.36	−0.13	0.11	0.07	0.22	−0.10	0.53	−0.03
R² (F, p)	0.081 (2.034, p = 0.142)			0.073 (1.816, p = 0.174)			0.174 (4.859, p = 0.012)
Step 2
Constant	5.49**	1.37		0.15*	0.07		3.26**	0.54
AAD	2.00	1.43	0.21	0.14	0.07	0.28^†	1.65	0.56	0.43**
SU	−1.25	1.40	−0.13	0.12	0.07	0.25^†	−0.06	0.55	−0.01
AAD × SU	−0.42	1.55	−0.04	0.11	0.08	0.21	0.30	0.61	0.07
R ²	0.083			0.112			0.179
ΔR² (ΔF, p)	0.002 (0.074, p = 0.787)			0.039 (1.990, p = 0.165)			0.004 (0.238, p = 0.628)
Step 3
Constant	12.31*	5.58		0.19	0.31		4.69*	2.21
AAD	0.66	1.52	0.07	0.12	0.08	0.25	1.30	0.60	0.34*
SU	−1.24	1.35	−0.13	0.12	0.07	0.25	−0.02	0.54	−0.01
AAD × SU	0.09	1.58	0.01	0.11	0.09	0.20	0.42	0.63	0.10
Gender	−4.05	3.20	−0.21	−0.02	0.18	−0.02	−0.85	1.27	−0.11
T–S-relationship	2.21	1.42	0.24	−0.01	0.08	−0.01	1.02	0.56	0.26^†
T. instruct. clarity	0.85	1.50	0.09	0.04	0.08	0.09	0.14	0.60	0.04
R²	0.208			0.120			0.269
ΔR² (ΔF, p)	0.126 (2.220, p = 0.100)			0.008 (0.122, p = 0.947)			0.090 (1.727, p = 0.176)