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Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 3 Educational situation 15 months after leaving compulsory education [multinomial logistic regression, average marginal effects (AMEs)]

From: VET or general education? Effects of regional opportunity structures on educational attainment in German-speaking Switzerland

 

Model 1

Model 2

VET EFZ/ FVB

Baccal. and special. schools

Bridge year courses

VET EFZ/ FVB

Baccal. and special. schools

Bridge year courses

Regional opportunity structure

−0.0330***

(0.0082)

0.0249***

(0.0073)

0.0081

(0.0042)

−0.0221**

(0.0074)

0.0145*

(0.0064)

0.0075

(0.0042)

Gender (Ref.: male)

−0.0907***

(0.0173)

0.0636***

(0.0155)

0.0271**

(0.0089)

−0.0476**

(0.0156)

0.0220

(0.0135)

0.0256**

(0.0088)

GPA German (z-standard.)

−0.0622***

(0.0112)

0.0671***

(0.0106)

−0.0048

(0.0053)

−0.0358***

(0.0099)

0.0393***

(0.0092)

−0.0035

(0.0052)

GPA mathematics (z-standard.)

−0.0128

(0.0110)

0.0334***

(0.0100)

−0.0206***

(0.0056)

0.0049

(0.0096)

0.0145

(0.0084)

−0.0194***

(0.0055)

School type 8th gradea

 Advanced requirements

−0.1517***

(0.0157)

0.1895***

(0.0126)

−0.0378***

(0.0102)

−0.1201**

(0.0176)

0.1536***

(0.0154)

−0.0335**

(0.0103)

 Pre-gymnasium

−0.6071***

(0.0226)

0.6462***

(0.0223)

−0.0391***

(0.0070)

−0.4816***

(0.0378)

0.5163***

(0.0381)

−0.0347***

(0.0083)

Social backgroundb,c

 EGP-classes II

0.0259

(0.0277)

−0.0327

(0.0240)

0.0068

(0.0155)

0.0149

(0.0245)

−0.0209

(0.0203)

0.0060

(0.0153)

 EGP-classes IIIa/b, IVa/b/c

0.0295

(0.0260)

−0.0376

(0.0227)

0.0080

(0.0139)

0.0084

(0.0236)

−0.0155

(0.0201)

0.0071

(0.0139)

 EGP-classes V, VI, VIIa/b

0.0611*

(0.0287)

−0.0573*

(0.0259)

−0.0037

(0.0141)

0.0388

(0.0261)

−0.0368

(0.0229)

−0.0020

(0.0142)

 Tertiary degree (ISCED 5/6)

−0.1017***

(0.0241)

0.1033***

(0.0205)

−0.0016

(0.0144)

−0.0368

(0.0218)

0.0407*

(0.0173)

−0.0039

(0.0143)

Realistic educational aspiration (mid 8th grade)d

 Baccalaureate/special. schools

      

−0.3711***

(0.0262)

0.3580***

(0.0239)

0.0131

(0.0141)

 Other

      

−0.1028***

(0.0251)

0.0636**

(0.0229)

0.0392**

(0.0127)

Observations/pseudo-\(R^{2}\)

2192/0.247

2192/0.369

  1. Remarks: Discrete change effects for binary independent variables, robust standard errors in parentheses
  2. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ***  p < 0.001
  3. Reference categories: a Basic requirements; b EGP-class I; c ISCED level: no tertiary degree; d Vocational education and training
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