Transitions into vocational education and training by lower and intermediate secondary school leavers. Can male adolescents compensate for their school-based educational disadvantage in comparison with female adolescents?

Beicht, Ursula; Walden, Günter

doi:10.1186/s40461-016-0037-9

Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 2 Influences on the attainment of school leaving certificates—results of multinomial logistic regression (average marginal effects—AME)

From: Transitions into vocational education and training by lower and intermediate secondary school leavers. Can male adolescents compensate for their school-based educational disadvantage in comparison with female adolescents?

Influencing factors	Maximum lower secondary school leaving certificate	Intermediate school leaving certificate	Qualification for higher education
Influencing factors	Model A
Gender, social background and migration status
Gender (ref.: male)
Female	−.079***	−.041*	.120***
School-based and vocational education and training of parents (Ref.: Maximum intermediate school leaving certificate, without vocational qualification)
Maximum lower secondary school leaving certificate, with vocational qualification	−.085*	.078*	.007
Intermediate school leaving certificate, with vocational qualification	−.210***	.116***	.094**
University (of Applied Sciences) entry qualification with or without vocational qualification	−.253***	.053	.201***
University (of Applied Sciences) entry qualification	−.319***	−.048	.367***
Missing information	.034	−.037	.003
Social status of the father (EGP classification) (Ref.: Higher-grade professionals, managers in large companies (I))
Lower-grade professionals, managers in small companies (II)	−.028	.035	−.008
Routine non-manual employees (III a/b)	.020	.028	−.048
Self employed (IV a/b/c)	.048	.063⁺	−.112**
Technicians, skilled workers (V,VI)	.087**	.043	−.130***
Unskilled and semi skilled workers (VII a/b)	.137***	.042	−.179***
Never employed, missing information	.092***	−.013	−.079*
Migration background (Ref.: without migration background)
With migration background	.048**	.025	−.073***
Framework conditions in the local region (Federal State)
Percentage with qualification for higher education in % in the year school career is completed	−.004***	−.005***	.009***
Percentage of school leavers with intermediate certificate % in the year school career is completed	.001	.005***	−.006***
Percentage of school leavers with lower secondary school leaving certificate % in the year school career is completed	.009***	.002*	−.011***
Nagelkerkes R squared	.298
Sample size	4213

Significance level ⁺ p < .1, * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001 (two-sided test)
Basis Young adults born between 1987 to 1993 whose school career ended no later than the end of 2010 (unweighted results)

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