Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 3 Growth curve models in which empowering ILT is predicted by time in Danish VET

From: Supervisors and teachers’ influence on expectations on empowering leadership among students in vocational education and training

	Empty model		Model 1		Model 2
	Par.	S.E.	Par.	S.E.	Par.	S.E.
Fixed effects
Intercept	4.848**	0.021	4.790**	0.030	4.787**	0.031
Time			0.055**	0.020	0.057**	0.020
Random effects
Residuals	0.462	0.047	0.457	0.047	0.434	0.047
Intercept	0.159	0.046	0.160	0.047	0.252	0.047
Time					0.015	0.025
Intercept * Time					−0.047	0.034
Model specifics
Estimation method	ML		ML/REML		REML
Log likelihood	3346.3		3339.1/3350.9		3344.1
AIC	3352.3		3347.1/3354.9		3352.1
Diff log likelihood (diff df)			7.2**(1)		6.8*(2)

n = 1264. Wald tests for fixed effects and χ²-tests of diff log likelihood for random effects
* p < 0.05
** p < 0.01

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