Table 1 Initial set of IP skills (in accordance with Weber et al. 2014, p. 303)

1

REC

Recognize IP challenges and opportunities

…becomes aware and realizes an IP problem or chance

2

ANAL

Analyse IP situations

…analyzes the perceived IP problem or chance (explicating main and side effects, taking perspective etc.)

3

IDEA

Create an (IP-)idea

… generates a new innovative (at least an incremental) IP idea with regard to the perceived IP chance or problem

4

CREA

Use creativity techniques

…applies tools for supporting the idea-generating process

5

SEQU

Arrange aspects in sequences

…creates a GANTT-chart

6

INFO

Procure, assess and structure information

… searches for relevant information in documents or data files

7

TERM

Use of domain-specific terms and techniques

…applies, for example, a break-even-point by means of complex calculations

8

TOOL

Use of domain-specific tools

…calculates a break-even-point by means of spreadsheets

9

DEC

Reasoned decisions

…decides among alternative solutions in view of disturbances (e.g., changes in market) on the basis of concrete reasons and arguments

10

RISK

Identify and analyse risks

…assesses different risk scenarios

11

TEAM

Teamwork

…shows that he/she knows and understands central categories of team work

12

DIST

Identify and manage disturbances

…analyzes and chooses appropriate strategies when team work begins to break down or gets stuck

13

REF

Reflect on whether the project was effective

…reflects on phases, elements or the whole project and evaluates them with regard to goal achievement, appropriateness, or success (explaining things that went wrong or well etc.)

14

DEF

Distribute, defend, or introduce a project

…presents his/her IP project and persuades others to accept it