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Table 2 Descriptive statistics—details (subsamples).

From: Another piece of the puzzle: Firms’ investment in training as production of optimal skills inventory

 

Total overage costs

Total underage costs

Number of observations

Training

2.177

13.473

2658

Non-training

2.351

7.527

594

Firm’s size (up to 9 employees)

2.360

9.522

970

Firm’s size (10–49 employees)

2.027

8.057

1267

Firm’s size (50–499 employees)

2.625

7.057

822

Firm’s size (more than 500 employees)

2.836

11.554

193

Firm’s age (up to 10 years old)

2.390

8.610

706

Firm’s age (11–20 years old)

2.548

7.056

799

Firm’s age (21–50 years old)

2.226

6.591

940

Firm’s age (more than 51 years old)

1.774

18.686

807

Collective agreements

2.394

7.855

1592

No collective agreements

2.256

9.791

1660

Worker representation

2.854

5.331

1152

No worker representation

2.195

9.865

2100

Training occupation in agriculture, forestry, farming, and gardening

0.664

25.529

78

Training occupation in production of raw materials and goods, and manufacturing

2.401

8.353

828

Training occupation in construction, architecture, surveying and technical building services

3.182

10.327

254

Training occupation in natural sciences, geography and informatics

3.730

3.735

104

Training occupation in traffic, logistics, safety and security

2.281

2.434

195

Training occupation in commercial services, trading, sales, the hotel business and tourism

1.752

2.885

679

Training occupation in business organization, accounting, law and administration

2.319

21.212

756

Training occupation in health care, the social sector, teaching and education

2.047

3.978

305

Training occupation in philology, literature, humanities, social sciences, economics, media, art, culture, and design

4.363

5.579

53

Region: West

2.233

10.510

2617

Region: East

2.605

3.286

635

  1. Table reports all costs at mean in 10,000 Euros per person with (i) Total Overage Costs = Net Training Costs * (1 + Retention Risk), and (ii) Total Underage Costs = (Hiring Costs + Outage Costs)* (1 + Miscast Risk)