Table 1 Coding scheme for learner’s learning journal entries (final version after intercoder agreement)
Strategy | Definition | Examples |
|---|---|---|
Metacognitive learning strategies (Schraw and Dennison 1994) | ||
Planning | Setting goals and allocating resources | “To decorate the surface nicely by putting the glaze” |
Monitoring | Indicating specific steps to use as criterion for assessing the quality of a realization or one’s progress in realizing a given procedure | “Not to have clots in the mass with the gelatin” |
Debugging | Mentioning how errors can be tracked and corrected | “The dough got holes so I need to work faster when depositing it” |
Evaluating | Post-hoc analysis of the overall performance | “I master this recipe quite well” |
Cognitive learning strategies (Weinstein and Mayer 1986) | ||
Repetition | Acknowledging that more practice is needed and will help improve the procedure | “I need to do this recipe again” |
Elaboration | Mentioning of a reference to another recipe | “I need to do it like I learned for the carrot cake” |
Organization | Indicating of a sequence of Operations to be performed in a given order | “The dough needs to be cold before it can be employed further” |
Resource management learning strategies (McKeachie 1987) | ||
Help seeking | Acknowledging that support from others is needed with an indication of its source | “I need to ask my supervisor how to …” |
Time management | Scheduling a task and goal setting | “I need to work faster on this step” |
Organize work environment | Indicating changes to be made in the organization of the workspace | “I need to have ingredients nearby while realizing this recipe” |
Self-management | Indicating regulations to be made in one’s effort, attitude or style | “I need to learn to be less easily distracted” |