Table 6 Estimation results for the Cox model and RI Logit model

\(W/W^{(l)}\)

0.023\(***\)

(0.002)

0.023\(***\)

(0.002)

− 5.189\(***\)

(0.088)

\(ln \text { }W^{(m)}\)

0.456\(***\)

(0.028)

0.464\(***\)

(0.028)

− 1.923\(***\)

(0.083)

Female

0.864\(***\)

(0.023)

0.875\(***\)

(0.116)

− 0.598\(***\)

(0.034)

High school diploma

(ref:lowest track)

   None

0.907\(***\)

(0.027)

0.906\(***\)

(0.023)

− 0.052

(0.032)

   Intermediate track

0.733\(***\)

(0.013)

0.732\(***\)

(0.013)

− 0.365\(***\)

(0.022)

   Academic track

0.590\(***\)

(0.016)

0.588

(0.016)

− 0.651\(***\)

(0.033)

Start. age

2.023\(***\)

(0.116)

2.026\(***\)

(0.116)

0.817\(***\)

(0.071)

Start. age sqr.

0.984\(***\)

(0.001)

0.984\(***\)

(0.002)

− 0.019\(***\)

(0.002)

Start. year

1.187\(***\)

(0.005)

1.180\(***\)

(0.005)

0.180\(***\)

(0.004)

Foreign

1.106\(***\)

(0.031)

1.108\(***\)

(0.031)

0.114\(**\)

(0.037)

Est. size

(ref: 1–49 employees)

50–249

0.859\(***\)

(0.005)

0.857\(***\)

(0.018)

− 0.012

(0.027)

   250+

0.798\(***\)

(0.023)

0.796\(***\)

(0.023)

0.070

(0.368)

Est. age

0.991\(***\)

(0.001)

0.991\(***\)

(0.001)

− 0.009\(***\)

(0.001)

East Germany

0.975

(0.030)

0.972

(0.030)

− 0.029

(0.039)

Industry

(ref: Retail/wholesale/gastronomy)

   Farming/fishing/forestry

1.039

(0.079)

1.038

(0.079)

− 0.247\(*\)

(0.097)

   Earths/food/textiles

0.719\(***\)

(0.028)

0.721\(***\)

(0.028)

− 0.0475\(***\)

(0.050)

   Chemical/oil/metal

0.581\(***\)

(0.023)

0.586\(***\)

(0.023)

− 0.453\(***\)

(0.046)

   Electronics/vehicles/misc. prod.

0.617\(***\)

(0.030)

0.618\(***\)

(0.030)

-0.360\(***\)

(0.055)

   Construction/water, energy supply

0.815\(***\)

(0.032)

0.813\(***\)

(0.032)

− 0.071

(0.047)

   Logistics/Postal/Banking

0.961

(0.043)

0.957

(0.042)

0.117\(*\)

(0.054)

   Public/private services

0.843\(***\)

(0.028)

0.845\(***\)

(0.028)

− 0.209\(***\)

(0.040)

   Health/education

1.309\(***\)

(0.038)

1.321\(***\)

(0.038)

0.243\(***\)

(0.037)

   NGOs/culture/sports

1.229\(***\)

(0.044)

1.242\(***\)

(0.044)

0.076

(0.048)

SDR

0.728

(0.123)

0.806

(0.136)

− 1.407\(***\)

(0.217)

MES

1.286\(***\)

(0.058)

1.269\(***\)

(0.057)

0.091

(0.057)

\(u^{(l)}/u^{(m)}\)

0.770\(***\)

(0.013)

0.783\(***\)

(0.013)

− 0.621\(***\)

(0.019)

\(u^{(h)}/u^{(m)}\)

1.438\(***\)

(0.087)

1.389\(***\)

(0.084)

1.605\(***\)

(0.079)

Constant

0.000\(***\)

(0.000)

− 359.088\(***\)

(8.193)

\(\theta\)

0.115

0.115

0.266

LR-test

1,509

1,510

1,631

Log likelihood

− 171,485

− 213,676

− 40,600

Wald test

10,821

8,419

9,271

AIC

343,038

427,405

81,257

Observations

641,921

255,403

94,223