Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training

Table 3 t-tests with the total dwell time

From: The role of confidence in the gaze bias effect among economics trainee teachers — results from a digital assessment of economic content knowledge

Group	Total dwell time
Group	HCFS M (SD)	non-HCFS M (SD)	T	Cohen’s d	U-test z
HCFS vs. LCFS	30.229 (18.263)	40.172 (22.124)	2.411*	0.479	2.358*
HCFS vs. MCFS	30.229 (18.263)	26.860 (15.722)	-1.172	− 0.207	-1.159
HCFS vs. HCCS	30.229 (18.263)	45.100 (22.527)	3.692***	0.699	3.799***

Note. LCFS = low confidence and incorrect response; MCFS = medium confidence and incorrect response; HCCS = high confidence and correct response
*p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001

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